What should a pilot do to alleviate the effects of hyperventilation?

To alleviate the effects of hyperventilation, slowing the breathing rate is the most effective approach. Hyperventilation occurs when a person breathes rapidly and deeply, often resulting in a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood. This can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, tingling in the extremities, and feeling faint. By consciously slowing the breathing rate, a pilot can help to restore the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, mitigating these symptoms.

Implementing slower, more controlled breathing allows for an improvement in gas exchange and relieves the physiological stress placed on the body by hyperventilation. Techniques such as taking slow, deep breaths, or breathing into a paper bag (if safe and appropriate) can help facilitate this process.

The other options, such as swallowing or yawning, increasing the breathing rate, or hyperventilating further, do not effectively address the underlying issue of hyperventilation and can actually exacerbate the symptoms. Thus, focusing on managing the breathing rate is key to resolving the condition.