What does "pushback" refer to in airport operations?

In airport operations, "pushback" refers specifically to the maneuver of moving an aircraft away from the airport gate. This procedure is critical as it typically involves the use of a tug or tow vehicle that physically pushes the aircraft back from its parking position at the gate to a safe distance before the aircraft can start its engines and taxi to the runway for departure.

This action is part of the pre-flight checklist and is coordinated with air traffic control to ensure safe movement within the airport's busy environment. It helps to make the transition from gate to runway efficient and safely navigates the aircraft away from terminal obstructions and other ground vehicles.

The other options represent different airport operations but do not align with the specific definition of "pushback." Preparing flight plans, securing cargo, and checking boarding passes are all crucial activities associated with flight operations but are distinct from the pushback process itself.